Everything about The Death Of General Wolfe totally explained
The Death of General Wolfe is a well-known
1770 painting by Anglo-American artist
Benjamin West depicting the final moments of British General
James Wolfe during the
1759 Battle of Quebec. It is an
oil on canvas of the
Neoclassical era. West made an additional and nearly identical painting of the same scene for
King George III in 1771.
West depicts General Wolfe as a
Christ-like figure. This painting has a triangular
composition, made by the top of the flag (as the apex) and the positions of the men. It resembles the painting of
La Pietà, where Christ is held in the embrace of the Virgin Mary.
The depiction of the
Native American warrior in the painting — kneeling with his chin on his fist, looking at General Wolfe — has been analyzed in various ways. In art, the touching of one's face with one's hand is a sign of deep thought and intelligence (thus
Rodin's The Thinker). Some consider it an idealization inspired by the
noble savage concept (Fryd, 75). On the ground in front of Wolfe is his musket, his cartridge box, and bayonet. Wolfe went into battle armed as his men were, although his musket was of higher quality. His dress is also of note. He is wearing a fairly simple red coat, a red waistcoat, red breeches, and a white shirt. Such dress was rather simple, especially for a commanding officer. The inclusion of Simon Fraser, Lieutenant Colonel of the
78th Fraser Highlanders (behind the
Rogers Rangers, who is wearing green) is interesting, as General Wolfe had always spoken highly of Fraser's regiment, yet Fraser wasn't at the battle, as he was recovering from wounds received earlier. In the painting, Fraser wears the Fraser tartan, which was probably worn by officers in that regiment.
The clothing West depicted in this scene was highly controversial at the time. Although the event was relatively recent -- only eleven years prior -- its subject matter made it a fitting example of the genre of
history painting, for which contemporary dress was unsuitable. During the painting, several influential people, including Sir
Joshua Reynolds, instructed him to dress the figures in classical attire, and after its completion,
George III refused to purchase it because the clothing compromised the dignity of the event. The work, however, eventually overcame all objections and helped inaugurate more historically accurate practice in history painting.
The Death of General Wolfe is currently in the collection of the
National Gallery of Canada as well as the Clements Library at the
University of Michigan. There are four known portraits by the author. Wolfe's death and the portrayal of that event by Benjamin West make up half of
Simon Schama's historical work
Dead Certainties: Unwarranted Speculations (1991).
Further Information
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